2. EXERCISES
[PREPARATION][DIALOGS][EXERCISES][RESOURCES][INTERNET][INDEX]
[SBP Interactive][Preguntas][Vocabulario][Conjugación][Charadas][Expresión][Dictado][Repetición]
The Spanish for Business Professionals interactive component places a great deal of emphasis on language in context, learner production and error-specific feedback. One of the first things you will notice, for example, is that the Ejercicios window opens on the left side of your display and leaves the dialogs visible. This is because the exercises are for your benefit. They are set up to allow you to work at your own pace and with as much or as little help as you want. No matter what exercise you are doing, you will always be able to use the previous and next buttons in your dialog window to navigate through the dialogs and listen to them again to help you complete the exercises. You will also notice that only one of the seven types of exercises included in SBP is multiple choice. The others require you to use your own knowledge of Spanish. When you do, SBP will check your response carefully. If it finds any errors, it will tell you what those errors are, offer you some hints for correcting them, and tell you where you can go in the curriculum to learn more.
When you click on your Ejercicios button inside the dialog window, you will see the exercise window on screen. Click the blue globe and go to the table of contents. The next thing you will see is a series of four cards, one for each unit. Each of these cards has a list of exercises for that unit. Depending on which unit you are studying, you will find:
- Preguntas (Questions),
- Vocabulario (Vocabulary),
- Conjugación (Verb conjugation),
- Charadas (Charades, an SBP word game),
- Expresión (Open-ended writing exercise),
- Dictado (Dictation), or
- Repetición (Voice repetition).
The best way to work with the exercises is to start at the top of the list and work your way down. As you will see, the exercises become more challenging when you proceed in this order.
Of course, you don't have to work this way. You are free to start anywhere in the list you like. You can skip exercises, or skip items within exercises, as you see fit. For that matter, you can return to the exercises a second or third time if you like, and do them over. Each time you start a Charadas exercise, for instance, your computer will scramble words and sentences completely at random. This means that if you do the Charadas in Unidad 3 a second time, the exercise will not look the same as it did your first time around. And since the Expresión exercise is open-ended, you can work with it as often as you like.
Okay, here is our only multiple-choice exercise. We like to think of it as a sorbet ; use it before you start working with the really interactive stuff. It's a quick review to get you reoriented to whatever unit you have just studied. The format is pretty straightforward. 1) Go to the contents card for your desired unit. Preguntas will be the first entry on the list. 2) Click directly on the word Preguntas, and you will go straight to the first question. 3) Read over the question and the answers. When you think you've got it, click directly on the answer of your choice, then check the feedback field for messages.
If your answer is correct, SBP will tell you so. Now you can click the small next button in the lower right corner of the exercise window to the next question. There are anywhere from 10 to 15 questions for each unit.
What happens if your answer is wrong? Keep an eye on the dialog window below your exercise window. SBP will automatically scroll to a dialog card where you will be able to find the correct answer. Read and listen to the dialog again, then try to answer the question again.
Now that you've warmed up with multiple choice, it's time for your input. When you get to the last question, click the small Ejercicios button inside the exercise window.
Note:
If you want to keep working on the exercises, don't click the large Ejercicios button on the bottom of the dialog window. Those buttons are toggles. That is, they open and close windows. If you click on the large button, your exercise window will close, and you'll have to reopen it and go back to the contents cards. You can save some time by using the buttons inside the exercise window. You will go directly back to the list of exercises for your current unit, where you can select a new activity. Next on the list: vocabulary.
Now it's time to start using your Spanish. Click directly on Vocabulario inside the contents card of your exercise window, and you will go to a brief explanation of how to do the vocabulary exercise. When you've read through the instructions, click on the Initialize button. This will reset the exercise and load the words on which you will be tested. Within a couple of seconds you will see an exercise window like the one shown here, and you'll be ready to work. An English word will appear in a field in the top middle portion of the window. Your cursor will start blinking in the white rectangle just below your English clue. Type in the Spanish equivalent and press return. Then, check the field just below your answer field.
If your answer is correct, SBP will tell you so. If there are any errors, SBP will pinpoint them and offer you a hint on how to correct your answer. You will notice that whenever you answer is incorrect, the English word will appear in a list near the bottom of your window. Meanwhile, at the top of the window, you will see a series of small data boxes. The correct box tells you how many words you have answered correctly. First try tells you how many words you answered correctly on your first try. Out of tells you how many words you have attempted. Rate gives you the percentage of words you have answered correctly. Score calculates an overall performance score based on the number of words you have attempted, the number you have answered correctly, and the number you answered correctly on the first try. To go tells you how many items are remaining.
Tip:
Pay special attention to the use of articles and accent marks. For instance, if the English entry is the country, then make sure you supply the appropriate definite article in your Spanish translation.
Let's say that for the particular vocabulary exercise you are working on, there are 50 items. You work through them from beginning to end, and answer all but 15 correctly on the first try. At the end of the exercise, SBP will give you the option of saving the results of your exercise if you want to. If you choose to save, your results will automatically be appended to the current document in your note pad. Click the RESTART button, and you will see a message in the dialog box:
You may REVIEW words you have missed or RESTART from a clean slate. Please note that if you start from scratch, the scoreboard will be reset.
If you select RESTART you get to start all over. If you select REVIEW, your program will recycle the list of words you missed the first time around. Now you have a list of 15 English words to translate into Spanish (that is, the ones you got wrong the first time around). Let's say you get all but 5 of these correct the second time around. You click REVIEW again, and you have a list of 5 words to work with, and so on until you've answered all words on the list correctly. Once you've done that, you can click on the small Ejercicios button and choose another activity.
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The next exercise in your interactive repertoire is verb conjugation. In each of the SBP dialogs, certain verb forms or tenses are emphasized. For example, in Unidad 1, (regular -ar verbs and the present tense are emphasized and certain stem-changing verbs are emphasized in Unidad 3. Your conjugation exercises give you the opportunity to work with this next material in context. 1) Select Conjugación from the menu in your exercise contents card. Read the instructions on the next three cards you see. 2) Click Continue to start from where you left off last time. 3) Click Initialize to start over from a clean slate and erase any previous work in the conjugation exercise.
Note:
The Continue button will work only if you are running your software from your hard drive. If you run SBP from the CD-ROM, all answers to all exercises disappear whenever you quit.
The next card you see in your exercise window will look like the one shown here. It's a paragraph which summarizes the action you have studied in one of the units. You will notice that some of the words are missing, and that an alphabetical list of verbs in the infinitive appears near the top of your window.
- Read the paragraph on screen, and, based on context, decide which verb makes sense in which blank. Use your mouse or your tab key to select a blank line. Type the conjugated form of the appropriate verb in the blank.
- Press return, and check the feedback field near the bottom of the window for an analysis of your answer.
If your answer is correct, SBP will tell you so. The corresponding infinitive on the top of your window will change to red, indicating that the verb has been used. If your answer is incorrect, check the feedback field for messages.
Remember:
The section symbol § is hot. Click directly on it and your grammar window will open with a short lesson to help you. If you get stuck, use your mouse or your tab key to go to the next item. You may answer items in any order you please. You can come back to items you have skipped at any time, and you can go back and forth between cards in the exercise if you wish.
Note:
The paragraph in which the blanks appear is also hot. Click on any word for a dictionary search.
If you click Notas during your verb exercise, SBP will ask you if you want to save a copy of your work. If you choose to save, SBP will tally your results and append them to the end of the current document inside your note pad.
Before long you will be used to working interactively with Spanish in context. This conjugation exercise, however, is limited to verbs. In the next type of exercise -- Charadas -- you will work with all categories of words in context. The section below explains.
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SBP's Charadas word game is a lot like the game of Charades which you may be familiar with. In traditional Charades, one player is given a certain phrase which he or she will try to convey to a partner by means of gesture. By the same token, in a Charadas session the computer will have a certain phrase which it will try to convey to you, but by means of verbal clues rather than visual clues. For instance, if the computer's clue were "the opposite of sister,", the word "brother" would probably come to mind.
1) Click directly on Charadas inside your unit contents card. Read the instruction cards which follow. 2) When you come to the last instruction card, Initialize to reset the exercise and get ready to begin.
Charadas will first ask you to choose a level of difficulty. If you choose hard, Charadas will scramble all of the words in a sentence. If your choose middling, it will scramble most of the words. If you choose easy, it will scramble some of them. Here is what a typical Charadas phrase might look like:
Ella eneti nau natuj noc el ñeosr Montes
Since three of these words -- ella, el and Montes--- are already recognizable, you have some context to work with. Your task is to unscramble the words in red. You start by clicking on a word of your choice and reading the clue which SBP returns. Let's say that you clicked on noc and got this clue:
lo contrario de "sin"
Charadas is hinting at the opposite of "without." The correct answer, in other words, is "con," or "with."
- Type in your response and press return.
- Check the feedback field for messages.
SBP will check for spelling, accent marks, and so on. If your answer is incorrect, SBP will give you a hint as to what sort of corrections are needed. If your answer is correct, then SBP will tell you so, and replace the scrambled word with the unscrambled version. Your phrase will then look like this:
Ella eneti nau natuj con el ñeosr Montes
Now you have a little more context to work with. Click on another word in red, and another clue will appear on screen. Type in your answer, and press return. The more words you unscramble, the more context you have, and the easier the exercise becomes. Before long you will have unscrambled the entire sentence.
But wait: there's more to it than that. What you actually have to unscramble in a Charadas exercise is an entire paragraph which deals with some aspect of the dialog you have been working with. Once your first sentence has been unscrambled, you will have a second one to work with, then a third, and so on, until all sentences in the paragraph are back in their original, unscrambled form.
These sentences themselves form a cohesive paragraph, but only when they are placed in the proper order. And not only does Charadas scramble the letters inside words, it also scrambles sentences inside paragraphs. You have to reorganize the sentences into a paragraph that makes sense and flows smoothly. You do this by clicking directly on top of a sentence inside the field near the top of the window. When you click on a sentence, it will move towards the top. Let's suppose, for example, that you think the third sentence in your scrambled paragraph should be the first sentence. Click on it once, and it moves up to become the second sentence. Click it again, and it moves up to become the first. Do the same with the other sentences, until you think you've got the right order, then click the play button on the top of your exercise display. SBP will let you know if your sentences are in the right order.
All four units in SBP Volume 1 include at least one Charadas exercise. And once you have mastered the Charadas in the third unit of SBP Volume 1, you will be comfortable with the basic writing process in Spanish. Now it's time to express yourself creatively!
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The exercise called Expresión is SBP's experimental writing activity which operates on natural language processing technology. The premise is simple. You have a general topic to write about -- in Unit 3, it's "Tell us about yourself"-- and a list of words to work with. Use the words to make up your own sentences, and SBP will analyze them for errors.
In Unidad Tres, 1) click directly on Expresión inside your unit contents card. Read the instruction cards which follow. 2) When you're ready to start, click Initialize to set up the exercise, or Continue if you've already initialized and want to continue working from where you left off.
Note:
The Continue feature is only available if you are running SBP from your hard drive. Be sure to click Initialize if you are running your software off of the CD-ROM.
In Latin American cultures, quite often telling someone about yourself entails talking about your family, friends, and maybe your colleagues as well. This is why Expresión needs some personal data from you. When the initialization is finished, a window called Expresión will open just to the right of your exercise window. Type in the first name, last name, gender and home town of ten or so family members of acquaintances in the fields provided. Use the tab key to move from one field to the next.
Important:
Be sure to enter your own gender as well! Otherwise, SBP won't be able to analyze your grammar. Click on the question mark, and an M for male will appear. Click again, and an F for female will appear.
When all of your personal data have been entered, click on the word Enter on the left side of the Expresión window, and you'll be ready to start.
Tip:
If you want to unclutter your display, click on the green "eyecon" on top of the Expresión window to make it smaller. Look over the vocabulary list on the right side of your Expresión window. Type a sentence about yourself or your acquaintances in the field near the bottom of the window, and press return.
SBP will analyze your input and flag any errors which it uncovers. If SBP doesn't find errors, then you can click Archivo to file your sentence, and try another. If you have installed Apples's Spanish Text-To-Speech, then you can also click Catalina to hear your sentence spoken out loud a female synthetic voice, or on Carlos to hear it in a male synthetic voice. If SBP does find errors in your sentence, these will be identified in the field on the left side of your display.
Remember:
The section symbol § is hot. Usually the feedback you get in an Expresión exercise includes a reference to your grammar window. Click directly on the number following the section symbol. SBP will automatically find a short grammar lesson to help you.
So what exactly is natural language processing technology? It's a block of computer code which attempts to assign a grammatical structure to a series of words. That is, it attempts to identify grammatical categories like subject, main verb, direct object, and so on. In doing so, it also checks for things like subject/verb agreement, adjective/noun agreement, and so on. After you have entered a sentence for analysis, click Tutor to see a grammatical description of what you've written. This will help you understand the grammatical categories in Spanish.
Tip:
Your vocabulary list inside Expresión is hot. Click on any word inside. SBP will open its dictionary and do a word search for you.
Write as many sentences as you like. When you're finished, click the small Notas button inside your exercise window, and any sentences you have filed will be appended automatically to the current document in your note pad.
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Your dictation exercises use the same basic format as the open-ended writing activities discussed above. At the same time, they allow you to practice your listening skills.
1) Click directly on Dictado inside your unit contents card (Unit 4 in Volume One). 2) Read the instruction cards which follow. When you're ready to start, click Initialize to set up the exercise, or Continue if you've already initialized and want to continue working from where you left off.
Note:
The Continue feature is only available if you are running SBP from your hard drive. Be sure to click Initialize if you are running your software off of the CD-ROM.
When initialization is finished, a window called Expresión will open just to the right of your exercise window. This is where you will see your dictation sentences. You start by selecting a level of difficulty. If you select hard, all of the words in your dictations will be concealed. If you select mid, most of the words will be concealed. If you select easy, some of them will be concealed. Now you're ready to listen. You simply click on one of the green numerals you see on the left side of the Expresión window, and listen to a sentence from your dialogs. Listen as many times as you like. When you're ready, type what you hear in the field near the bottom of the Ejercicios window, and press return. SBP will analyze your input and flag any errors it finds.
Tip:
You don't have to limit yourself to the sentences you hear in this exercise. Use your dictations as models to make up your own sentences. Here's an example. Suppose one of your dictations were this:
La señora Oñate y el señor Cortés están aquí para la junta.
Señora Oñate and Señor Cortés are here for the meeting.
After you've listened to the sentence, typed in your answer and had it analyzed, you may wish to make your own changes. For example, you could type in any of the following sentences:
Nosotros estamos aquí para la junta.
We're here for the meeting.
Nosotros estamos aquí para la reunión.
We're here for the assembly.
Nosotros estamos aquí para hablar de negocios.
We're here to talk business.
Mi abogado está aquí para la junta.
My lawyer is here for the meeting.
Mi jefe está en Monterrey para una conferencia.
My boss is in Monterrey for a conference.
SBP would analyze each in the same way it analyzes a dictation.
So does SBP understand Spanish? No. Although it knows a large (but incomplete) number of Spanish grammar rules, it doesn't understand what you're writing. After all, look again at the sentences in the example just above. SBP runs on a computer which probably has never been to Monterrey, México (and couldn't do much if it were to go there), doesn't know what a boss or a lawyer is, and never attends meetings. In short, computers can't really tell you whether or not your sentences make sense because they are, well, computers. What SBP can do for you, however, is allow you to copy your sentences to your note pad and then save them as text documents which you can then show to a human Spanish instructor for more comments.
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The final activity in your exercise repertoire is Repetición, which allows you to 1) listen to a native speaker model pronounce words from the unit you are studying, 2) record your own voice as you repeat after the model, and 3) compare your pronunciation to the native speaker's. In order to use Repetición you will need a Macintosh-compatible microphone plugged into your computer. You will also have to make sure that your sound panel is properly configured.
Before you start an SBP session:
- Open the Apple menu from your menu bar and select Control Panels
- Select Monitors and Sound from the submenu.
- Click on the speaker icon, which is labeled Sound.
- Find the Sound Input box, and use the menu button to select External microphone.
If you are already running SBP, you can access your sound menu by clicking on the Controls button on the lower right of your Repetición exercise window. To play and record voices:
- Click on a word from the Unidad list or the all available words list.
- Click on the Model button to hear the word spoken out loud.
- Click on the Record button to open the recording window.
When you're ready to record your voice, click Record inside the recording window. Speak in a loud, clear voice directly into your microphone. Click Save inside your recording window. Now you can click the Your voice and Model as often as you like to compare pronunciation.
As you work in SBP Interactive, remember that you have a lot of resources at your disposal. Access to your technical dictionary and your grammar notes are always just a button click away. In the next HTML document in your User Manual, we will take a closer look at these resources and explain how you can put them to work for you.
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